![]() ![]() A Little History of the World - Illustrated EditionĮ. Students learn to tell time, formulate sentences,conjugate verbs, pose and answer questions, and make comparisons all while learning about Spanish-speaking culture. The activities provided offer fun and varied exercises to practice concepts and vocabulary. Over 100 pages of reproducible activities get your students started on the path to speaking and writing Spanish. Building on the basics, this book covers common phrases, functional vocabulary, conjugation of verbs, basic grammar, and sentence structure. Spanish, Grades 6 - 12 - Middle / High SchoolĪ top-selling teacher resource line, The 100+ Series(TM) features over 100 reproducible activities in each book! Help your student form a solid understanding of the Spanish language. Numerous exercises and engaging readings help learners quickly build their Spanish speaking and comprehension prowess. Grammatical rules and concepts are clearly explained in order of importance, and more than 300 verbs and key terms are introduced on the basis of frequency. Easy Spanish Step-By-StepĪ proven grammar-based approach that gets you communicating in Spanish with confidence, right away Easy Spanish Step by Step proves that a solid grounding in grammar basics is the key to mastering a second language. This book will prove invaluable to all scientists, research fellows, post-docs, and graduate students whose first language is not English. The content of the book is presented in a light, simple and informative manner making The Rosetta Stone of Science an entertaining and instructive read. Part 2 discusses the various arts and techniques used by successful presenters at scientific conferences. Examples of cover letters are also given. Part 1 of the book covers the style preferred by today's leading journals, discusses how to prepare models for writing research papers, and provides advice for writing abstracts, proposals, and editing. It is written specifically for scientists who would like to improve the effectiveness with which they use the English language and improve their communicative skills in order to become published and develop more confidence in presenting their work at international conferences. The Rosetta Stone of Science is a useful and practical guide to presenting scientific research in the English language. ![]() Writing and Presenting in English - The Rosetta Stone of Science ![]() Clearly presented and user-friendly, Basic Spanish provides readers with the basic tools to express themselves in a wide variety of situations, making it an ideal reference and practice resource for both beginners and students with some knowledge of the language. A first-class introduction to the language, features of this practical book include: * authentic reading texts to encourage an understanding of Spain and Spanish-speaking countries * reference to Latin American usage where appropriate * abundant exercises with full answer key * glossary of grammatical terms. Beginning with the simpler aspects of Spanish and progressing on to more complex areas, each chapter contains grammar points that are followed by examples and exercises selected to reinforce the topic. Presenting twenty individual grammar points in lively and realistic contexts, Basic Spanish is an accessible reference grammar with related exercises in one, easy to follow volume. ![]() This is the extraordinary story of the polymath Thomas Young, who cared less about what others thought of him than for the unbridled pursuit of knowledge. The mere sneeze of a bug triggers a chain reaction involving, among others, cows, turtles, policemen, and an entire circus parade. The Well-Trained Mind: A Guide to Classical Education at Home (Third Edition)Ī new edition of a forefront home-schooling reference shares step-by-step recommendations for providing a child with an academically rigorous, comprehensive education from preschool through high school, in a guide that incorporates updated resource listings, contact information, and Internet links. Offers step-by-step instruction on how to enable an academically rigorous, comprehensive education for children from preschool through high school, outlining a classical educational model while providing book lists, ordering information, and Internet links. The Well-trained Mind - A Guide to Classical Education at Home ![]()
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![]() After this time, you will have to purchase the full game or wait several months for it to be added to The Play List. In addition, early access trials of brand new games - such as the latest FIFA - give you 10 hours to play each full game. So, if you decide to stop subscribing and purchase one of the games at a later date, you can carry on from where you left off. ![]() Save games will be stored on your respective machine or in the cloud, exactly as if you bought each game outright. They can all be downloaded to your console or PC and played as many times as you like as long as you continue to subscribe. What games and benefits are available as part of EA Play membership?ĮA Play gives unrestricted access to a stack of back catalogue games, called The Play List. They are often available earlier than the general release date too.ĮA Play Pro costs £14.99 / $14.99 / €14.99 per month or £89.99 / $99.99 / €99.99 annually. As previously mentioned, it adds access to brand new games as they are released in the shops, not just time limited versions. It also costs £3.99 / $4.99 / €3.99 per month or £19.99 / $29.99 / €24.99 for 12 months and offers the same benefits as both the PlayStation and Xbox versions.Ī further membership plan is available for PC owners too, however - EA Play Pro. PC owners can subscribe to EA Play either through Electronic Arts' own Origin game store or Steam. Squirrel_widget_158169 EA Play on Windows PC This costs £10.99 / $14.99 / €14.99 per month and, for that, you also get access to more than 300 Xbox Series X/S, Xbox One, Xbox 360 and original Xbox games, 200 games for PC, Xbox Live Gold (required for online play on an Xbox machine), and xCloud - Microsoft's cloud gaming platform.ĮA Play games on both Xbox and Windows can be downloaded at no extra cost as part of Ultimate - ideal for owners of both systems. However, a most cost effective solution is to subscribe to Xbox Game Pass Ultimate. ![]() It is exactly the same price for standalone EA Play membership on an Xbox console as it is on PlayStation - £3.99 / $4.99 / €3.99 per month or £19.99 / $29.99 / €24.99 for 12 months. EA Play on Xbox One / Xbox Series X / Xbox Series S It's a simple proposition and can be purchased through the PS4 or PS5 itself - via a dedicated EA Play app. It works slightly differently depending on the platform. Paying for an entire year's membership works out a lot cheaper - around 50 per cent cheaper, in fact - but you might prefer a smaller monthly payment. You can pay for EA Play either monthly or annually. Xbox owners can now access all the games through the Game Pass channel. You have to download an EA Play application on PlayStation consoles, which serves as a portal to the games. What platforms is EA Play available on?Īs we said above, EA Play is available for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S and PC. It is available standalone or as part of Xbox Game Pass Ultimate at no extra cost. It works slightly different on PC to console, with an additional EA Play Pro membership available for Windows PC owners that adds the ability to play games as they are released as part of an increased fee.ĮA Play is available for one monthly fee on PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S and PC. ![]() ![]() You also get 10 per cent off the purchase of new or future games. Previously called EA Access on Xbox One and PS4, and Origin Access on PC, EA Play is a subscription service that offers "all-you-can-eat" access to Electronic Arts' back catalogue of games, plus timed trials and early access for new games. We answer those questions and many more below. So, what is EA Play, how much does it cost, and what are the differences on each platform? However, owners the latter two can also access it for free if they are Xbox Game Pass Ultimate members. It is a paid service that's available across PlayStation, Xbox and Windows PC. (Pocket-lint) - Like Xbox, PlayStation and Ubisoft, Electronic Arts has its own games subscription service which provides access to its vast back catalogue of titles and more. ![]() ![]() One positive aspect of the speech recognition feature of Rosetta stone is that it forces the learner to actually interact with the materials and practice speaking. Plus, in my limited test, I was able to fool the pronunciation checker multiple times in Swedish. I never liked voice recognition in language learning, because they are just not very good, so overly relying on them are bound to give false positives, and a false sense of confidence, when you deep-down know that you are not pronouncing the word correctly. I don't mind it too much, it doesn't take a lot of points away from Rosetta Stone, but I think it's worth mentioning here anyway.Ī significant part of Rosetta Stone has always been the voice recognition, which prompts you to speak the vocabulary out loud as you are learning it. ![]() Whilst it seems to be making certain updates to limit this rule around the courses, most of them are still target-language only.Īs I recently talked with an English teacher working in Russia about, there are times where it makes a lot more sense to use people's native language (or English) to quickly explain a concept rather than spending 10-15 minutes having to explain it in basic target language that the learner can understand.īesides, some really useful pieces of vocabulary are really hard to explain to beginners, which is why I think having a zero-tolerance policy on translations and english is a bit dumb. One important note about Rosetta Stone is that it used to have a policy of absolutely no English or translations in the software. Other times you simply match by clicking the correspondin image. ![]() Sometimes you have to speak the word / sentence, and the software will evaluate how well you performed. I jumped on to test the Swedish and Spanish versions.Īs they graciously give you a 3-day free trial, I didn't have to donate any money to Rosetta Stone to produce this review today, phew!īut, unfortunately that's where my joy stopped as I was met with an instant flashback to 15 years ago. The following courses only made it to version 2 of Rosetta Stone, and is currently not offered for sale anywhere: Rosetta Stone is available in 27+ languages, with the following 24 of them available with the new online subscription model: Which languages can you learn with Rosetta Stone? Let's jump in and see exactly how Rosetta Stone looks today. We're now in 2020, so the last time Rosetta Stone was awarded any recognition was 4+ years ago.īut, a well-renowned company, with a lot of income and lots of language experts can surely improve their offer from 28 years ago? If you take a look at the Rosetta Stone Wiki page, and the company wiki page you'll see a long list of awards:īut, notice one thing: The last one was received in 2014, and the latest awards were received based on app design, user's choice, and general user experience evaluations, none of the awards since 2011 praised the actual educational content. ![]() Since then there has been a lot of developments in software, technology, and education and Rosetta Stone has slowly faded into the shadows of other big language learning companies like Duolingo. Not long after, there wasn't many Americans who hadn't heard of Rosetta Stone, and for many years this was the ONLY language learning method/software/solution that anyone had heard of. Unfortunately, in 1984 when he got the idea to use computers to aid in language learning, the computer was simply not powerful enough to even show images to the user, which is why Rosetta Stone wasn't publicly released and available until 1992 when CD-ROMs had become mainstream and capable of storing larger amounts of data.ĭue to its first-mover advantage, and the initial success of making language learning abundandently available Rosetta Stone became a huge company, which allowed it to pour millions of dollars into advertising. ![]() ![]() Is latency always a problem?Īnyway, latency may not be that huge a problem if you're just recording a single track of audio like a voiceover. If you don't do that, you might end up recording audio both from the intended microphone plugged into your interface, AND potentially from a built-in microphone on the computer somewhere.* This is especially true for laptops, with their helpful (apply sarcasm to that last word) web cams and mics. You can do that in your operating system audio preferences or control panel. In fact, you should make sure that the on-board sound card is disabled. No delay.īut you definitely have to make sure you plug your headphones into the interface box and NOT the computer. The 2i2 will give you real-time monitoring, which means you can hear what you are recording in real time. But for the most part, it shouldn't matter if you use an old computer (as long as it has USB ports, which is how many interface units attach) if you connect a decent external audio interface like the 2i2. There are several things that can cause latency. ![]() But he went on to say that though he was using a pretty old laptop And he had a Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 audio interface! What causes latency? My first thought was that he must be trying to record with a really old sound card that probably came with a really old computer. ![]() Someone sent me and email asking why he was hearing his voice two seconds after he spoke/sang into the microphone (this kind of delay is called "latency," if you care:)). ![]() ![]() ![]() To delete all the selected songs in one go, right-click on one of the chosen tracks and click Remove from this playlist (or hit the Delete key). Then, drag and drop them all in one cluster to move them to another playlist, or to a different position in the current playlist. To select multiple songs on Spotify, hold down Ctrl (or Cmd on a Mac) and click to select multiple songs. It's also convenient to move songs around a playlist in batches. However, there may be times when you want to remove many songs from a playlist. You probably know that you can click and drag a song in a playlist to move it, or press Delete to remove a highlighted song. you cannot delete every song youve uploaded at once, however you can delete each song one by one by right-clicking (3 dots menu on mobile) and pressing 'Delete song'. But once you put them into practice there, you can enjoy many of the same benefits on Spotify's mobile apps, too.ġ. Im in the process of updating my music library and just wanted to delete what Ive uploaded on YouTube music and start again at a later date. Note that most of these tricks are for Spotify's desktop apps. Not only does the popular music streaming service have curated collections of songs to suit specific genres and moods, but you can also make as many of your own playlists as you like and even share them with others.īelow, we share some tips to help you manage your Spotify playlists. Playlists are a core component of Spotify. ![]() ![]() Instead of focusing on tower-defense and humorous characters, as Fan’s team did, Lauren Jones and company focused on a unique game perspective: a mass zombie outbreak in an urban center. Ghostbird Software’s team also chose a different way to depict the living dead. We had a fun time making this game, and hopefully it shows.” “It’s nice to be able to sprinkle the humor in here and there. The zombie bobsled team became one of the more iconic (and original) characters from the game-not to mention one of the more difficult enemies to defeat. He really wanted a zombie bobsled team included in the game, first appreciating how it would be funny and then deciding how it would work gameplay-wise. But there were some exceptions to this rule. Fan’s unique vision for his game boils down to a focus on gameplay when creating the unique characters of the plants and zombies, he wanted to make things funny but also wanted to make sure that the game mechanics were sound. The zombies, when they were included, would not be faceless hordes either. Explains Fan, “I thought, no way is anyone else going to make a game that features both plants and zombies. “At the time I was also playing some tower defense mods in Warcraft III and thought ‘What if I used plants as towers? Plants are great because you can give them lots of character, and no one expects them to move.’ So out went the fish, in came the plants.” By focusing on plants, Fan was initially afraid his game would be lost among the trees of another gaming sub-genre: gardening games. After having finished Insaniquarium, he began toying around with a defense-oriented sequel to the game. George Fan actually developed his tower-defense game by focusing on the plants first. There is still originality in the zombie sub-genre. I always joke that leprechauns are going to be the next big thing, and I’m only 90 percent kidding when I say that.” Zombies weren’t the go-to antagonists at the time, but in large part due to the success of his game and other zombie-themed media, zombies became hugely popular in gaming.īut this doesn’t mean that the developers themselves have become mindless drones bent on propagating themselves. “Back when we started, people were still going on about pirates and ninjas. Despite the beneficial timing of the game’s launch, the development cycle occurred before the cultural obsession with zombies was at its highest. Zombies originally was launched on the PC in 2009. George Fan of PopCap Games was simply trying to make a game that hadn’t already been made before.įan’s Plants vs. ![]() Other Internet memes were more popular, and the iPhone was still in its infant stages. ![]() Höchsmann sees a “revival” of zombies occurring in 2009 thanks to a “slew of zombie-related movies and other entertainment hitting the shelves.” While titles like Resident Evil, Dead Space, and Dead Rising brought zombies back to the forefront of gaming villainy over the last decade, books like World War Z, How to Survive a Zombie Apocalypse, and Pride and Prejudice and Zombies suggest that the cultural obsession with the living dead isn’t limited to gamers.īut in 2008, few could have predicted that zombies would be such a cultural force. ![]() Zombies Zombies invade the iPhoneīy all accounts, recently we’ve seen the rise of cultural interest in zombies. They are the perfect enemy, evil and guilt-free to kill.” “…zombies are the perfect fit because they are us, but without the guilt of killing one of your own, in fact you’re even doing them a favor by killing them. Jones sees zombies’ inclusion in gaming as not simply due to their horrifying nature, but due to their ability to be killed without remorse. Of the games we’ve looked at this past week, Ghostbird’s The Raging Dead is the only application that tackles the idea of a zombie outbreak and how quickly such a plague can spread. The prospect that your best friend can turn on you and become a zombie can become very terrifying, explains Lauren Jones of Ghostbird Software. Zombies are not only relentless, but they have a nasty habit of multiplying. Don’t expect any mercy from a zombie, for they have none to give.” Games like Doom, Resident Evil, and The House of the Dead utilized this schema in these games you’ll often confront wave after wave of fearless, shambling living dead. Should you try, you will soon see yourself (and your delicious, delicious brains) eaten. Matthias Höchsmann of Gamedoctors believes that zombies speak to a unique kind of human fear-not only are they relentless, but their task is to create more of their number. But depictions of zombies would evolve into something more genuinely frightening and become a common staple of games. ![]() ![]() ![]() It does what it says, without too much effort, while also benefiting from a freeware license. Overall, TinyPiano is an interesting piece of software that could help a handful of users, but don't expect too many configuration options. TinyPiano doesn't change the way your computer works, as it runs on very low resources, regardless of the operating system that's installed on the machine. ![]() In case you wish to change the keyboard configuration, you can easily do that by right clicking in the main window, but you should know that this is quite a lengthy process, as each key must be assigned to a specific button. In addition, TinyPiano gives users the power to pick a different MIDI device, but also to pick from up to 127 music instruments, such as acoustic grand piano, music box, marimba, acoustic bass or violin. Slope 3 Waffle Ice Cream Among Us Doctor Surgery Minecraft Classic Escaping the Prison Star Scramble 3 Friday Night Funkin Papa’s Burgeria Fleeing the Complex Running Fred Cute Hair Maker Fashion Nail Salon Paper.io Geometry Dash Sonic Run Game of Farmers Red Ball 4 Volume 2. While the look basically comes down to a small piano, the main window also comprises a few options, which means there are no other screens or menus to set up the application.Īs a result, you're allowed to adjust volume, pitch and transpose straight from the main window. Free Online Games on aKing.io - Entertain the World. Instead, it offers just the basic settings and a clean interface to serve its purpose, becoming an appropriate tool for each user who knows a thing or two about electronic pianos. it was unfortunate that I had to press the keyboard a little hard. For educational and entertainment purposes only.TinyPiano is a lightweight application that turns a typical computer keyboard into an electronic piano.Īnd while the market is already full of similar applications, TinyPiano doesn't plan to assault the user with customization options or complex features. Note: Jarrod Ingram and Brian Reith contributed to this review Xkey Piano is a free. The piano melodies are arranged with individual piano notes, and the renditions of these songs are original and created by 8D real world music. This app does not include any copyrighted material. It is not affiliated with or endorsed by anything. Piano - elssa games is an unofficial fan application. More of elsa and anna songs will be added soon Try to finish that piano song to make the big score Don't miss any tiles because your will stop the beat and turn off the party, you don't want that, just hop every tiles you meet. Touch, drag on snow piano tiles to create music in frozen2 games in piano tiles. Piano Games Mini is a fun musical game whose gameplay. * Cool game design and frozen-snow background and amazing graphic. Download the latest version of Piano Games Mini for Android. This game is one of the best for all of you fans Piano - in frozen-land around the world Welcome to Princess elsa Piano Tiles is one among the foremost and best piano games that has quite a lot of players round the world.īest elsa and anna Games to play with friends just make sure don't tap black tiles. ![]() ![]() ![]() The views of the moderation team do not reflect the view of Microsoft or its subsidiaries. Note: We are not affiliated with Microsoft or its subsidiaries in any official capacity. Showoff Sunday - all pictures of achievements, gamerscore, controllers, custom art/mods, battle stations, and so forth are only allowed as posts on Sundays. posts must be within the weekly megathread. and posts must be properly tagged or they will be removed. No advertising, selling, buying, trading, self pomotion or asking for free stuff. ![]() Memes, image macros, reaction gifs, polls, petitions, friend requests, and surveys are not allowed as posts. This happens if I plug the mic directly to my laptop, or through a USB hub. The correct VID and PID should be 17A00240 for a Samson Go Mic Connect. It is reporting VID0D8C&PID0170 which is a C-Media Electronics Inc Advanced Audio Device. Spoilers and NSFW must be properly marked.Įnabling piracy, jailbreaking, hacking, fraud, account trading/sharing, region switching, etc is not allowed. What I discovered is that the VID and PID of the microphone as reported to Windows is NOT correct. ![]() Posts must be directly related to Xbox and link to the source.įollow Reddiquette. News, reviews, previews, rumors, screenshots, videos and more! Follow us on Twitter! Subreddit Podcast! Join our club Check out our official wiki page Subreddit Rules ![]() ![]() ![]() "Passenger (Mike Shinoda Remix)," Mike Shinoda, remixer (Deftones) "Met Him Last Night (Dave Audé Remix), Dave Audé, remixer (Demi Lovato & Ariana Grande) "Inside Out (3SCAPE DRM Remix), 3SCAPE DRM, remixer (Zedd & Griff) "Constant Craving (Fashionably Late Remix)," Tracy Young, remixer (K.D. "Born for Greatness (Cymek Remix)," Spencer Bastin, remixer (Papa Roach) "Back to Life (Booker T Kings of Soul Sata Dub)," Booker T, remixer (Soul II Soul) Notes With Attachments-Joseph Lorge & Blake Mills, engineers Greg Koller, mastering engineer (Pino Palladino & Blake Mills) Love For Sale-Dae Bennett, Josh Coleman & Billy Cumella, engineers Greg Calbi & Steve Fallone, mastering engineers (Tony Bennett & Lady Gaga) Hey What-BJ Burton, engineer BJ Burton, mastering engineer (Low) Cole featuring 21 Savage & Morray)Ĭall Me If You Get Lost, Tyler, the CreatorĬinema-Josh Conway, Marvin Figueroa, Josh Gudwin, Neal H Pogue & Ethan Shumaker, engineers Joe LaPorta, mastering engineer (The Marías)ĭawn-Thomas Brenneck, Zach Brown, Elton "L10MixedIt" Chueng, Riccardo Damian, Tom Elmhirst, Jens Jungkurth, Todd Monfalcone, John Rooney & Smino, engineers Randy Merrill, mastering engineer (Yebba) Life," Shéyaa Bin Abraham-Joseph & Jermaine Cole, songwriters (J. Njapa, Sean Solymar, Brian Hugh Warner, Kanye West & Mark Williams, songwriters (Kanye West featuring Jay-Z) "Jail," Dwayne Abernathy, Jr., Shawn Carter, Raul Cubina, Michael Dean, Charles M. "Family Ties," Roshwita Larisha Bacha, Hykeem Carter, Tobias Dekker, Colin Franken, Jasper Harris, Kendrick Lamar, Ronald Latour & Dominik Patrzek, songwriters (Baby Keem featuring Kendrick Lamar) "Best Friend," Amala Zandelie Dlamini, Lukasz Gottwald, Randall Avery Hammers, Diamonté Harper, Asia Smith, Theron Thomas & Rocco Valdes, songwriters (Saweetie featuring Doja Cat) "Bath Salts," Shawn Carter, Kasseem Dean, Michael Forno, Nasir Jones & Earl Simmons, songwriters (DMX featuring Jay-Z & Nas) "Hurricane," Kanye West featuring The Weeknd & Lil Baby "Wusyaname," Tyler, The Creator featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again & Ty Dolla $ign "Industry Baby," Lil Nas X featuring Jack Harlow "Right on Time," Brandi Carlile, Dave Cobb, Phil Hanseroth & Tim Hanseroth, songwriters (Brandi Carlile) "Peaches," Louis Bell, Justin Bieber, Giveon Dezmann Evans, Bernard Harvey, Felisha "Fury" King, Matthew Sean Leon, Luis Manuel Martinez Jr., Aaron Simmonds, Ashton Simmonds, Andrew Wotman & Keavan Yazdani, songwriters (Justin Bieber Featuring Daniel Caesar & Giveon) "Montero (Call Me By Your Name)," Denzel Baptiste, David Biral, Omer Fedi, Montero Hill & Roy Lenzo, songwriters (Lil Nas X) "Leave the Door Open," Brandon Anderson, Christopher Brody Brown, Dernst Emile II & Bruno Mars, songwriters (Silk Sonic) Powell II, Solána Rowe & David Sprecher, songwriters (Doja Cat Featuring SZA) "Kiss Me More," Rogét Chahayed, Amala Zandile Dlamini, Lukasz Gottwald, Carter Lang, Gerard A. "Happier Than Ever," Billie Eilish O'Connell & Finneas O'Connell, songwriters (Billie Eilish) "drivers license," Daniel Nigro & Olivia Rodrigo, songwriters (Olivia Rodrigo) ![]() "A Beautiful Noise," Ruby Amanfu, Brandi Carlile, Brandy Clark, Alicia Keys, Hillary Lindsey, Lori McKenna, Linda Perry & Hailey Whitters, songwriters (Alicia Keys & Brandi Carlile) "Bad Habits," Fred Gibson, Johnny McDaid & Ed Sheeran, songwriters (Ed Sheeran) Justice (Triple Chucks Deluxe), Justin Bieber "Montero (Call Me By Your Name), Lil Nas X "Peaches," Justin Bieber featuring Daniel Caesar & Giveon "I Get a Kick Out of You," Tony & Bennett & Lady Gaga ![]() ![]() ![]() Systems Analysis and Applications development provided engineering and economic guidelines for MCFC's, SOFC's, and PAFC's to be used in a variety of utility and industrial settings. AR and TD provided information on reaction mechanisms and materials for MCFC's, SOFC's, and PAFC's. A common more » direction of fuel cell development has been to combine individual cells into groups called stacks'' or modules'' in order to increase power output. ![]() The report consists of (1) an overview of the Fuel Cells Program including a brief discussion of how fuel cells work (2) a synopsis of the Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC), and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Programs and their 1987 projects (3) a discussion of the Fuel Cells Advanced Research and Technology Development (AR and TD) Program and projects and (4) a summary of the Fuel Cells Systems and Applications Program. This report documents the status of the US Department of Energy's Fuel Cells Program as of the end of FY 87. military and aerospace systems, and the enormous possibilities inherent in fuel cell-powered electric vehicles. Also presented are such vital subjects as the U.S. Wide-ranging analyses of the application more » of fuel cells in utility systems, in on-site integrated energy systems, and industrial cogeneration are included as well. The authors discuss materials used in fuel cells, their multi-fuel ability, siting, flexibility and modularity as well as their economic benefits and potential markets. Contents include: fuel cell operation, the pollution potential, visual esthetics, safety, maintenance and reliability. Department of Energy and the Argonne National Laboratory, this work provides an examination of characteristics and concepts of fuel cell systems, an overview of development programs (including current work in Japan and Europe), practical system designs, fuel cell power plant applications and the current state of the art. « lessĭeveloped with the support of grants from the U.S. A new index assists the reader in locating specific information quickly. A list of fuel cell URLs is included in the Appendix. Section 10 provides examples of practical fuel cell system calculations. Section 9, Fuel Cell Systems, has been significantly revised to characterize near-term and next-generation fuel cell power plant systems at a conceptual level of detail. New information indicates that manufacturers have stayed with proven cell designs, focusing instead on advancing the system surrounding the fuel cell to lower life cycle costs. Alkaline and intermediate solid state fuel cells were added to this edition of the Handbook. Sections 3 through 8 describe the six major fuel cell types and their performance based on cell operating conditions. Section 2 addresses the thermodynamics of fuel cells to provide an understanding of fuel cell operation at two levels (basic and advanced). Section 1 summarizes fuel cell progress since the last edition and includes existing power plant nameplate data. Trends in technology are discussed, including next-generation concepts that promise ultrahigh efficiency and low cost, while providing exceptionally clean power plant systems. This Handbook provides a foundation in fuel cells for persons wanting a better understanding of the technology, its benefits, and the systems issues that influence its application. Transportation markets worldwide have shown remarkable interest in fuel cells nearly every major vehicle manufacturer in the U.S., Europe, and the Far East is supporting development. Fuel flexibility has been demonstrated using natural gas, propane, landfill gas, anaerobic digester gas, military logistic fuels, and coal gas, greatly expanding market opportunities. Early expectations of very low emissions and relatively high more » efficiencies have been met in power plants with each type of fuel cell. Highlighting this commercial entry, the phosphoric acid power plant fleet has demonstrated 95+% availability and several units have passed 40,000 hours of operation. The previously demonstrated phosphoric acid fuel cells have entered the marketplace with more than 220 power plants delivered. Uppermost, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells have been demonstrated at commercial size in power plants. Progress continues in fuel cell technology since the previous edition of the Fuel Cell Handbook was published in November 1998. ![]() |
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